Maestro Luciano Bosis Passes

Bosis

August 4, 2026 – Travagliato, Italy — Luciano Bosis, the revered maker of Italian best guns, pass away on August 3, 2026 at age 83 after succumbing to illness.

Born in 1942, Bosis grew up in Brescia — the collective heart of the Italy’s gunmakers. With the  region’s legion of artisans, Mr. Bosis learned his trade from the best gunmakers and engravers the old-world way. It was as culture that married precision, beauty and innovation in the creation of the some of the world’s best sporting guns.

At 12 years old, he entered his first apprenticeship, working at the bench with handtools.

In 1971, Mr. Bosis joined Perazzi where he learned the art of flawless craftsmanship and unrivaled reliability.  

In 1977, he left the security of Perazzi to establish his namesake workshop, Fabbrica Armi di Luciano Bosis, in a farmhouse in the tiny village of Travagliato. It was there that he began working on English Best Guns, giving him the opportunity learn about their engineering, elegance and craftsmanship.

Bosis Gun

He used the proceeds from repairing guns to fund the creation of lovingly made exquisite field guns. With a small dedicated group of craftsman, Bosis reached an output of about 20 guns per year. By 1980, he was able to introduce an over/under that ultimately showcased his gunmaking philosophy of precision and artistry. His Michelangelo over/under, often considered one of the most beautiful in the world, is a Boss-style pinless sidelock that set the benchmark for gunmaking. He clients trekked to his workshop from all over the world to meet the man and purchase a shotgun from a man who bridged generations to create the art of the gun from wood and steel.

Mr. Bosis’ death closes yet one more door into the past of dedicated craftsman working at their own pace to create bespoke museum-worthy shotguns.

Visit https://bosis.com/

Hardcore Waterfowl’s Rugged Series Wood Duck Decoys

Hardcore

August 3, 2026 — MUSKEGON, Mich. – Wood ducks don’t fly in from the prairies like teal or work a big spread from altitude like divers. They live in the timber. Flooded oaks, beaver ponds, backwater sloughs, little tucked-away holes barely big enough to swing a gun in.

That’s a different game entirely. When you’re hunting wood ducks, they’re not passing over your spread from 200 feet up. They’re dropping in tight, low, and close, sometimes right on top of you before you even hear the whistle.

Close range means close inspection. A decoy that gets away with a color crayon paintjob out on open water gets picked apart in a wood duck hole, because there’s nowhere for a bad detail to hide.

Hardcore’s Rugged Series Wood Duck Decoys were built with that in mind. Six to a pack, four drakes and two hens, each one carrying the kind of paint and feather detail that must hold up at arm’s length, not just from a distance.

The Look That Started It All

Ask any duck hunter to name the most striking bird in North America, and wood ducks usually win without much debate. The drake alone is almost too much: an iridescent green-and-purple head, white racing stripes, a blood-red eye, and a chestnut breast dappled in white. Nothing else on the water looks like it.

That kind of detail is hard to fake and easy to get wrong. Hardcore decoys are painted true to life, drake and hen alike, capturing the sheen and pattern that makes a wood duck a wood duck instead of just another dark shape on the water.

“Wood ducks get hunted up close more than any other bird out there,” said Doug Veldhuizen, Merchandise Manager for Hardcore. “You can’t hide behind distance in a flooded timber hole. The paint must be right, the size must be right, and it must look alive sitting still. That’s what we built this decoy around.”

Around Longer Than Most

Unlike blue-wings and green-wings, wood ducks don’t disappear on a hard migration schedule. Plenty of birds stick close to home year-round, especially across the Southeast, the Mississippi Flyway, and parts of the Pacific Coast, which means hunters aren’t always racing a calendar to catch them passing through.

That’s part of why wood ducks show up so early on the schedule. In many states they’re paired with teal for the first split of the season, giving hunters a shot at them well before the rest of the puddle ducks arrive.

They stick around, too. Wood ducks are common well into the regular season across the East and South, working the same flooded timber and beaver ponds from opening weekend through the late splits. Where a lot of species come and go with the front, wood ducks are often just there, holding tight to the timber hunters already know.

That kind of local, season-long presence is exactly why the detail on these decoys matters. A bird that gets hunted the same hole a dozen times over a season isn’t fooled by anything less than the real thing.

Find the Hole, Find the Birds

Wood ducks aren’t spread across open water waiting to be found. They’re tucked into specific places, and the best spots tend to share the same short list of ingredients.

Timber with standing water is the classic setup: flooded hardwoods, acorns dropping into a few inches of water, enough overhead cover that a duck can drop straight down through a hole in the canopy and feel safe doing it. Beaver ponds work the same way, especially smaller, brushy ones tucked off the main river where a dozen birds can sit undisturbed.

Slow, narrow water matters more than a lot of water. Backwater sloughs, oxbows, and quiet creek bends draw wood ducks looking to loaf and feed away from bigger, more pressured water. So do farm ponds and drainage ditches near a hardwood bottom, especially early and late in the day when birds are moving between roost and feed.

The common thread is cover and quiet. Wood ducks want a tight, sheltered spot they can drop into fast, not a wide-open flight line. Find that kind of hole and you’ve usually found the birds.

One Piece, Built to Take a Beating

Every decoy in the Rugged Series shares the same foundation: FowlFlex™ Technology. It’s one-piece construction, so there’s no head-and-body seam to snap after getting hauled through brush, dropped in the boat, or crammed into a bag with a dozen other decoys.

Cheap decoys fail at that seam first. FowlFlex doesn’t have one to fail. The material flexes instead of cracking, and the finish shrugs off UV and season after season of getting dragged in and out of the timber.

Movement in the Smallest Water

Wood duck water isn’t always moving. Beaver ponds and flooded timber can sit dead calm, which is exactly where a lifeless decoy gets exposed fastest.

That’s where the WhaleTail™ Keel comes in. It’s shaped to catch even the faintest breath of current and turn it into natural rocking and swimming motion, the kind of subtle movement that separates a living bird from a plastic one. In small, tight water, that little bit of life can be the difference between wood ducks committing or flaring at the last second.

“We didn’t want hunters choosing between durability and realism,” Veldhuizen said. “FowlFlex and WhaleTail let us deliver both, whether you’re setting up in three inches of flooded timber or a beaver pond you’ve hunted for years.”

Six Birds, Built for the Hole

The pack breaks down into four Drakes and two Hens, sized true to scale at 13.5 inches long, giving hunters a realistic, versatile grouping for tight-quarters setups where a handful of decoys can do more work than a big spread.

Wood ducks decoy in small numbers more often than not, and this pack is built to match that.

Rugged Series Wood Duck Decoys FEATURES:

  • True-to-life paint and feather detail on both Drakes and Hens
  • WhaleTail™ Keel for natural rocking and swimming motion in minimal current
  • One-piece FowlFlex™ construction — no head-and-body seam to snap or crack
  • True-to-scale sizing at 13.5″ L x 6″ W
  • Six-pack: four Drakes, two Hens

MSRP $79.99

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Duck Commander Debuts Catahoula Cut at DUX 2026

Duck Commander

August 1, 2026 — Duck Commander, a world-renowned leader in duck call manufacturing, is proud to announce the debut of its all-new Catahoula Cut at the 2026 Ducks Unlimited Exposition (DUX) in Memphis, Tennessee, July 31-August 2, 2026. To experience this premium call in person at the premier duck hunting trade show, visit Duck Commander at booth #621.

The Catahoula Cut is a premium double-reed cutdown call featuring a true Louisiana-style cut. Designed to deliver the classic bark, rasp and range that cutdown callers expect, it offers ease of use on the low end while achieving crisp, attention-grabbing high notes.

Forgiving without being restrictive, the Catahoula Cut enables newer callers to produce quality sounds while allowing experienced hunters to push the call to new heights. Machined from high-quality acrylic in a custom ultra-dark brown, it pays homage to Louisiana’s nutrient-rich backwaters. The call includes a modified LA cut tone board and features a Duck Commander bronze band and crest on the barrel.

“The Catahoula Cut reflects everything Duck Commander stands for: authentic Louisiana craftsmanship, proven performance and a passion for helping hunters sound their best in the field,” said Duck Commander Brand Manager, Jacob Mayo. “We designed this call to capture the unmistakable bark and rasp of a true Louisiana-style cutdown while making it accessible to hunters of all experience levels. DUX is the perfect place to introduce it to the waterfowl community, and we can’t wait for hunters to get it in their hands.”

The Cutdown Series also includes the Commander Cut and the Reaper Cut:

The Commander Cut honors the classic PS Olt calls from Illinois, modified for hunting flooded timber along America’s watershed. It features an acrylic insert and barrel with a bronze band. The design includes a golden paint-filled Duck Commander logo on one side and engraved text on the other: “Duck Commander, Commander Cut, West Monroe, La.” Equipped with a 0.14 mil single reed, it produces a loud, piercing tone to break high ducks, a loose feed for chatter and the finesse to provide a Cajun squeal when needed.

The Reaper Cut, developed in partnership with Zack Randall of Reaper Boats, is tailored for hunters who demand power, control and finesse. It features a longer tone board paired with a deep countersunk insert for exceptional responsiveness. Built with a 0.10 mil single reed and straight-bore acrylic barrel and insert, it offers a loud, clean top end and a loose, rattling bottom end for realism in finishing late-season birds. The polished black design includes an engraved Reaper logo on one side and the inscription: “Duck Commander, Reaper Cut, Galatians 6:9.”

The Catahoula Call is available at an MSRP of $169.99, while the Command and Reaper Cuts are available at an MSRP of $179.99.

For more information about Duck Commander’s leading line of waterfowl hunting products, visit www.DuckCommander.com and follow the Duck Commander team on InstagramFacebook or YouTube.

About Duck Commander: Duck Commander was founded by Phil Robertson in West Monroe, Louisiana, and grew from a small family operation making handcrafted duck calls into a recognized outdoor brand. The Robertson family later became widely known through the A&E series Duck Dynasty, while continuing to develop and sell Duck Commander products to customers worldwide. Today, the company remains based in West Monroe and continues to celebrate the hunting, fishing and outdoor traditions that have been central to its story from the beginning. To learn more about Duck Commander and the Robertson family, visit the Duck Commander website.

Remington’s New Nitro Dove Loads Are Ready for Fall

Remington Dove

July 31, 2026 — Remington announces the availability of its new Nitro Dove Loads. The speedy new dove loads deliver excellent patterns at high velocities with Remington’s consistent round shot, Power Piston wad, and Unibody hull. The four new loads include two 12-ga. loads with a muzzle velocity of 1,350 fps, and two 20-ga. loads with a muzzle velocity of 1,300 fps. These new products are now being delivered to dealers nationwide.

“Dove hunting is incredibly popular in our great nation because it marks the unofficial start of the fall hunting season, offers a highly social hunting experience, and provides fast-paced shooting action,” says Ronnie Evans, Remington’s Shotshell Product Manager. “Our new Nitro Dove loads are made to take down fast-moving game birds, no matter the time of the season. Nitro Dove gives you consistent patterns, high velocities, and Nitro performance downrange. This helps ensure fewer birds are lost, which results in more doves in your bag.”

The new Nitro Dove loads are packed with features including American-made lead shot that delivers dense patterns which knock birds out of the sky. The load’s unique one-piece wad protects and cushions the shot column for dependable patterns, and Remington’s proven Unibody hull maintains smooth performance and cycling in any shotgun. The loads are available in four configurations and are sold in 25-round boxes.

Find it at: Nitro Dove Ammo | Shotshell | Remington.

Part No. / Description / MSRP

28765 / 12-gauge, 2-3/4-inch, 1-1/4-ounce, No. 8, 1,350 fps, 25-count / $22.99

28763 / 12-gauge, 2-3/4-inch, 1-1/4-ounce, No. 7.5, 1,350 fps, 25-count / $22.99

28768 / 20-gauge, 2-3/4-inch, 1-ounce, No. 8, 1,300 fps, 25-count / $22.99

28767 / 20-gauge, 2-3/4-inch, 1-ounce, No. 7.5, 1,300 fps, 25-count / $22.99

Remington Ammunition products are available at dealers nationwide and online. For more information on Remington ammunition and to sign up for product news and special offers, visit www.remington.com.

About Remington: From muskets to modern day, generations of hunters and shooters have trusted Remington ammunition and accessories. Loaded in Lonoke, Arkansas, by American workers, our wide array of pioneering sporting and hunting ammunition promises to get the job done every time the trigger is pulled. At Remington, we’re here for everyone who loads a round of ammo into a handgun, rifle, or shotgun. Founded in 1816, Remington has played a significant role in American history, fighting and winning wars, providing food for millions, and uniting countless generations at the range and in the field. Remington is proud of every round that rolls off the factory line. An ammunition brand of The Kinetic Group, owned by CSG, a globally diversified industrial group based in Prague (Czech Republic), Remington is bringing a renewed focus to ammunition, innovation, and quality – all while staying true to Remington’s legendary h

Team Beretta Athlete Kim Rhode Captures Gold at ISSF World Cup Hangzhou 2026

Kim

July 29, 2026 — Beretta is proud to congratulate Team Beretta athlete Kim Rhode on capturing the Women’s Skeet gold medal at the ISSF World Cup Hangzhou 2026, adding another prestigious international victory to her legendary competitive shooting career. The ISSF World Cup Hangzhou 2026 brought ten days of world-class rifle, pistol and shotgun competition in Hangzhou, the People’s Republic of China, from July 20-29.

Competing with her Beretta DT11, Rhode delivered a dominant performance in the Women’s Skeet final, defeating fellow American Samantha Simonton to claim the gold medal and lead a U.S. one-two finish. Rhode finished the final with 34 hits, securing another ISSF World Cup victory and further cementing her status as one of the most accomplished shotgun athletes in history.

“Kim continues to set the standard for excellence in competitive shooting,” said Ricardo Olivieri, Beretta USA’s Head of Luxury and Competition. “Her consistency, dedication and ability to perform under pressure at the highest levels of competition are a testament to her incredible skill and commitment to the sport. We are proud to have Kim represent Team Beretta and congratulate her on another remarkable achievement.”

The gold medal match featured an all-American showdown, with Samantha Simonton earning the silver medal after an impressive performance. While not a Team Beretta athlete, Simonton also competed with a Beretta shotgun, marking another podium finish for Beretta at one of the world’s premier international shooting competitions.

Rhode’s latest victory adds to her extraordinary legacy, which includes multiple Olympic medals, World Championship titles and decades of success on the international stage. Her continued achievements with the Beretta DT11, a shotgun trusted by elite competitive shooters around the world, highlight the performance, reliability and precision that define Beretta’s competition firearms.

For more information on Team Beretta and its competition firearms, visit www.beretta.com/en-us/team-beretta.

Stay connected with Beretta USA. Follow us on FacebookInstagramXYouTube and LinkedIn for the latest news, products, and updates.

About Beretta: Established in 1526, Beretta is the world’s longest-standing industrial dynasty, with a legacy spanning 16 generations of continuous family ownership. For 500 years, firearms bearing the Beretta name have been trusted and used around the world. Beretta USA Corp. was established in 1977 and quickly became the provider of the most widely deployed sidearm in the U.S. Armed Forces. Today, Beretta USA is part of Beretta Holding Group, which includes over 50 global subsidiaries and 20 renowned brands. Beretta manufactures, distributes, and markets a complete range of firearms, accessories, and apparel. The company also owns and operates six Beretta Gallery retail stores worldwide.

For more information, visit www.Beretta.com.

Beretta Introduces the New A400 Solo: Unstoppable By Nature

Solo

July 28, 2026, Accokeek, MD – Beretta USA is excited to announce the launch of the A400 Solo, a new semi-automatic shotgun engineered for hunters who demand uncompromising reliability, speed and performance in the harshest conditions. Built on Beretta’s proven A400 platform and packed with the company’s latest advancements, the A400 Solo delivers faster cycling, softer recoil and exceptional ballistic performance in a rugged, purpose-built hunting shotgun.

Designed to thrive where conditions are at their toughest, the A400 Solo combines Beretta’s innovative B-LINK® Pro gas-operating system, Steelium® barrel technology and Kick-Off® Plus recoil reduction system into one dependable platform. Whether chasing waterfowl through flooded timber or walking upland fields, the A400 Solo is built to keep hunters focused on the shot, not their equipment.

“Our goal with the A400 Solo was to build a shotgun that hunters can rely on in any environment,” said Caleb McMillen, Beretta USA Sr. Product Manager for Long Guns. “Every feature was designed to help hunters perform with confidence, from faster cycling and reduced recoil to easier maintenance and legendary Beretta barrel performance. The A400 Solo is built for those who refuse to let the elements dictate their hunt.”

Key features of the new Beretta A400 Solo include:

  • B-LINK® Pro Gas System – Beretta’s fastest, cleanest and most reliable gas-operating system to date, cycling up to 36% faster and running 46% cleaner while reliably handling everything from light target loads to heavy magnum hunting ammunition.
  • Kick-Off® Plus Recoil Reduction System – Reduces felt recoil by up to 40%, minimizing muzzle rise and vibration for faster follow-up shots and greater comfort in the field.
  • Steelium® Cold Hammer-Forged Barrel – Features an extended 80 mm forcing cone that delivers exceptional ballistics, dense and consistent shot patterns, and reliable performance across a variety of hunting loads.
  • B-Lok® Magazine Cap – Allows quick, tool-free disassembly for faster cleaning and maintenance in the field.
  • OptimaChoke® HP Extended Chokes – Optimized for consistent patterns and versatility across hunting applications.
  • B-Uffer® Recoil Pad – Durable, weather-resistant design that enhances recoil absorption while standing up to harsh hunting conditions.
  • Enhanced Hunting Ergonomics – Includes a lightweight aerospace-grade aluminum receiver, adjustable stock shims and spacers, and an enhanced reversible safety for a customized fit and intuitive operation.

Available in Black Synthetic, Optifade® Timber, Optifade® Marsh, Realtree® MAX-7, Realtree® Legacy, Mossy Oak® Bottomland, Mossy Oak® Original Bottomland® and Mossy Oak® Original Shadow Grass®, the A400 Solo is offered in 12 gauge with 26-, 28- and 30-inch barrel lengths. MSRP starts at $1,549 for Black Synthetic models and $1,649 for camouflage finishes. Availability of finishes and configurations may vary. Enthusiasts can see the A400 Solo in person at the Ducks Unlimited Expo starting July 31 at Beretta booth #735, contact an authorized Beretta dealer or visit Beretta.com for more information.

Stay connected with Beretta USA. Follow us on FacebookInstagram,XYouTube and LinkedIn for the latest news, products, and updates.

About Beretta: Established in 1526, Beretta is the world’s longest-standing industrial dynasty, with a legacy spanning 16 generations of continuous family ownership. For 500 years, firearms bearing the Beretta name have been trusted and used around the world. Beretta USA Corp. was established in 1977 and quickly became the provider of the most widely deployed sidearm in the U.S. Armed Forces. Today, Beretta USA is part of Beretta Holding Group, which includes over 50 global subsidiaries and 20 renowned brands. Beretta manufactures, distributes, and markets a complete range of firearms, accessories, and apparel. The company also owns and operates six Beretta Gallery retail stores worldwide.

For more information, visit www.Beretta.com.

Avian-X’s Expanded Power Butt Kicker Motion Decoy Assortment, Including Three New Species, Now Available

Avian

July 27, 2026 — Now available to hunters nationwide, the expanded Power Butt Kicker lineup of motion duck decoys now includes three new species: Mallard HenPintail Drake, and Black Duck.

First revealed by Avian-X®, the industry leader in waterfowl-hunting innovation, at the 2026 SHOT Show event in Las Vegas, these motion decoys are engineered to replicate the precise feeding behavior of live birds, bringing unmatched realism and movement to any spread.

“Each of these units, regardless of species, pairs anatomically accurate bodies with power-kicking webbed feet that generate convincing motion at the water’s surface,” said Josh Lomax, Brand Manager. “From subtle ripples and natural wake to the unmistakable splash signatures of mallards, pintails, and black ducks actively feeding, the system delivers the micro-movements that help pull high-circling flocks down to finish.”

Building on the original model, each decoy arrives ready for the field, including a lifelike feeder-butt body in the hunter’s species of choice, a high-impact power module, two power-kicking webbed feet, and a rechargeable lithium-ion battery with charger—everything needed to deploy realistic feeding action right out of the box.

And since the whole lineup is designed for dependable performance throughout long days in the blind, every unit features two motion modes:

  • Full-On Mode for continuous, high-visibility motion lasting 12+ hours.
  • Intermittent Mode for ultra-efficient performance delivering 24+ hours of runtime.

The expanded Power Butt Kicker duck decoy assortment is now available both online and in-store, giving waterfowl hunters a decisive edge when conditions are toughest and ducks are most discerning.

For more information about the Power Butt Kicker Mallard DrakeMallard HenPintail Drake, and Black Duck species, or other Avian-X-branded products, visit Avian-X.com.

If you have additional questions or media inquiries, please email marketing@gsmorg.com. You can also learn more and check out the entire family of GSM brands at www.gsmoutdoors.com.

About Avian-X®:

Since 2011, X has marked the spot—for extreme waterfowlers and turkey hunters, at least. Known today for their realism and durability, Avian-X® decoys are meticulously crafted to mirror the real thing and evaluated in the most brutal conditions by outdoorsmen who grit through the toughest hunts on days when lesser hunters stay home. The brand fortifies its expertise with a long-standing commitment to educating and introducing future sportsmen and women to everything hunting has to offer. Visit https://www.avian-x.com

Tom Seay Becomes the 2026 World FITASC Champion

Seay

July 21, 2026 — Gamebore Pro Shot Tom Seay has been crowned the 2026 World FITASC Sporting Champion, producing a superb performance to claim the title at Clube de Tiro de Vale das Pedras in Portugal.

Competing against the very best FITASC shooters from around the world, the USA shooter finished on an outstanding 187/200 to secure one of the sport’s most coveted honours and write his name into the history books as a World Champion.

The victory caps an exceptional period of form for Seay, who only last month claimed High Overall (HOA) at the 2026 North American FITASC Championship at Big Red Oak Plantation. Winning both titles within weeks of each other underlines the consistency, composure and world-class ability that have made Tom one of the most respected competitors on the international sporting clays circuit.

Those qualities were perfectly summed up by fellow Gamebore Pro Shot and former World FITASC Champion David Radulovich, who has shared much of Tom’s shooting journey over the years. In a heartfelt tribute following the victory, David described Tom as not only one of the finest competitors in the sport, but also one of its finest people, someone who has always celebrated the success of others as enthusiastically as his own. He reflected on the years they have spent training, travelling and competing together, saying the World Championship simply confirmed what so many within the sport had believed for years: that Tom is one of the very best shooters in the world.

For Tom, the title represents the culmination of decades of dedication. Having balanced a successful professional career alongside elite competition, he has remained a consistent force at the highest level of FITASC, with his perseverance now rewarded by the sport’s ultimate individual accolade.

Tom has been a longstanding Gamebore user since the brand entered the US market and credits the confidence he has in the performance of Gamebore cartridges as an important part of his recent success.

Speaking about his partnership with Gamebore, Tom said:

“I began using Gamebore as soon as it made its emergence in the States. I do not believe I would have had the success that I have had recently without the Gamebore products. The unquestioned confidence the product gives by its quality is second-to-none. The quality of this product speaks for itself while being affiliated with a first class, professional company behind its products.”

Tom’s latest victory adds the World FITASC Sporting Championship to an already impressive list of achievements and further strengthens his reputation as one of the leading figures in international clay shooting.

With victories at both the North American FITASC Championship and now the World FITASC Sporting Championship in the space of just a few weeks, 2026 is proving to be a landmark year for Tom Seay. Everyone at Gamebore is incredibly proud to see him achieve the sport’s highest honour and looks forward to seeing what comes next for the newly crowned World Champion.

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Why 30-Time World Champion Clay Shot George Digweed MBE Only Uses a Full Choke

Digweed

George Digweed is famous for using very tight chokes—often full choke—because his shooting style is built around precision, confidence, and controlling the target break point rather than relying on a large margin of pellet spread.

The main reasons a top shooter like Digweed may choose a full choke are:

  • Longer target presentations: In sporting clays, many targets are fast, quartering, or crossing at distances where a tighter pattern keeps more pellets concentrated on the target. A full choke can produce a denser, more uniform pattern at 40–50+ yards.
  • His exceptional consistency: A full choke demands accuracy. Digweed’s eye discipline, gun mount, lead control, and ability to read targets allow him to place the center of the pattern exactly where it needs to be.
  • Breaking targets decisively: A dense pattern gives a greater chance of delivering enough pellet energy to break hard targets cleanly, especially edge-on crossers or distant birds.
  • Confidence and familiarity: Elite shooters often use equipment that matches their instincts. Digweed has spent decades learning exactly how his gun patterns and how much lead to apply with his chosen setup.
  • He often shoots at a higher level of difficulty: At the championship level, targets are frequently designed to test range judgment and precision. A tighter choke can be an advantage when the shooter is capable of exploiting it.

That said, full choke is not automatically better. Many excellent sporting shooters use improved modified, modified, or combinations such as improved modified/full because modern sporting targets include close, fast, and unpredictable presentations where too tight a pattern can punish a slightly imperfect move.

Digweed’s approach is similar to that of a rifle marksman: he prefers maximum precision because he trusts his ability to put the shot exactly where he wants it. For the average sporting clays shooter, a full choke is usually less forgiving—but in the hands of a shooter of Digweed’s caliber, it becomes a competitive advantage.

Visit https://claytargetinstruction.com/george-digweed/

The Effective Range and Efficiency of Different Choke Constrictions

Muller gun

The effective range of a shotgun choke is not a fixed distance where it suddenly stops working. Instead, a choke determines how tightly the shot pattern holds together, which affects the maximum distance at which you can reliably place enough pellets on the target for a clean kill or a broken clay.

The table below assumes modern target or hunting loads with lead shot and a well-patterned shotgun.

ChokeTypical Constriction (12 ga.)Approximate Pattern at 40 YardsEffective Range
Cylinder (CYL)0.000″40%20–25 yards
Skeet (SK)0.005″45%20–25 yards
Improved Cylinder (IC)0.010″50%25–35 yards
Light Modified (LM)0.015″55%30–40 yards
Modified (M)0.020″60%35–45 yards
Improved Modified (IM)0.025″65%40–50 yards
Full (F)0.030″70%45–60 yards
Extra Full/Turkey0.035–0.045″+75–90%50–70+ yards (turkey-specific loads)

Practical applications

  • Cylinder: Home defense, upland birds over pointing dogs, very close sporting clays.
  • Skeet: Skeet shooting, quail, woodcock, rabbits.
  • Improved Cylinder: The most versatile choke for upland hunting and many sporting clays stations.
  • Light Modified: An excellent “do-everything” choke, particularly popular for sporting clays.
  • Modified: Pheasants, ducks over decoys, trap singles.
  • Improved Modified: Long crossers, late-season pheasants, handicap trap.
  • Full: Long-range waterfowl (with appropriate non-toxic choke), turkey, trap handicap.
  • Extra Full/Turkey: Specialized for turkey hunting with dense, high-performance loads.

How pattern diameter changes

A rough guide to pattern diameter is:

ChokePattern Diameter at 20 yd30 yd40 yd
Cylinder20–22″30–34″40–44″
IC18–20″27–30″34–38″
LM16–18″24–27″30–34″
Modified15–17″22–25″28–32″
IM13–15″20–23″24–28″
Full11–13″18–21″20–24″

Important considerations

The choke is only one part of the equation. Pattern performance is also affected by:

  • Shot size (larger pellets retain energy better).
  • Payload weight (more pellets generally produce denser patterns).
  • Velocity (high velocity can sometimes degrade patterns).
  • Wad design (modern wad technology can significantly tighten patterns).
  • Shot material (steel, bismuth, tungsten, and lead behave differently).
  • Your individual shotgun (two shotguns with identical choke markings can produce noticeably different patterns).

The bottom line

For most sporting purposes:

  • 0–25 yards: Cylinder or Skeet
  • 25–35 yards: Improved Cylinder
  • 30–40 yards: Light Modified
  • 35–45 yards: Modified
  • 40–50 yards: Improved Modified
  • 45–60 yards: Full

Many experienced sporting clays shooters today consider Light Modified (0.015″) the most versatile choke because it provides forgiving patterns at close range while maintaining enough density for targets out to about 40 yards. For hunters, Improved Cylinder and Modified remain the two most versatile choices, covering the majority of upland and waterfowl situations.

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